William G. Tyler Curriculum VitaeRua Barão de Jaguaribe, 381/401 Tel: (55-21) 2259-4659 SPECIALIZATION: International
economics, trade policy, public finance, macroeconomic policy
management DUAL
CITIZENSHIP: United
States and Portugal, with permanent Brazilian residency EDUCATION:
Ph.D., Economics, Fletcher School of Law and
Diplomacy, Tufts
A.B.,
Economics, Dickinson College, 1961 LANGUAGES:
English, Portuguese, Spanish COUNTRIES
OF EXPERIENCE
SUMMARY: Dr.
Tyler, a Senior Fellow at the Boston Institute for Developing
Economies (BIDE), is a professional economist with more than 30 years
of experience conducting, participating in, supervising and managing
policy oriented research and programs of assistance.
His career has involved academics, government service, the
World Bank and consulting. His
professional interests and concerns, while covering a wide area, have
had a focus on the following: (a) the impact of trade policy reform on
the development of private markets and the private sector in general;
(b) macroeconomic policy management, including debt, fiscal, monetary
and exchange rate questions; and (c) structural reform and adjustment
in developing and transition economies.
As a Lead Economist for the World Bank, Dr. Tyler has been
responsible for the Bank’s economic work first on the Southern Cone
countries of Latin America and then on the Middle East.
He has conducted economic policy discussions and provided
economic advice at high levels, including at the presidential level,
with a number of country governments.
His scholarly and professional publications, covering a wide
range of topics in international economics and development, include
seven books and more than forty articles in refereed journals.
EXPERIENCE RECORD: Currently, and
during 1998, Visiting Professor of Economics, State University of
Rio de Janeiro (Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro). Have
taught courses in international economics and participated in the
design of a proposed postgraduate program in economics for the
University. Research efforts in 1998 involved work on macroeconomic
stabilization, privatization and the economic policies to stimulate
growth for the Brazilian state of Ceará. Economic
Advisor, Bank Indonesia.
February 1999-January 2000. The work dealt with the analysis of
monetary and exchange rate policies and focused on the possible
implementation of inflation targeting for Indonesia. The contract,
financed by USAID, was under the auspices of the Boston Institute for
Developing Economies (BIDE). Director
and Chief of Party, Nicaraguan Economic Policy Analysis and
Implementation
(Núcleo Especial para Análisis e Implementación), an advisory
group to the Economic Cabinet in the Nicaraguan Government, March 1996
to September 1997. This
work involved leading a team of mostly foreign economic advisors
working under the direction of the Minister of Finance.
Work focused on macroeconomics, public finance, trade policy,
property issues and privatization, and economic statistics.
Part of this effort included participation in a National
Technical Commission for Tax Reform, an inter-agency Government group
that designed a sweeping tax and trade policy reform approved by the
National Assembly in May 1997. The
assignment, financed mainly by USAID, was undertaken as part of an
External Service from the World Bank and in conjunction with the
Boston Institute for Developing Economies.
Yemen Led the Bank’s successful effort to reach agreement with the Yemeni 1994-95 Government on a medium term Structural Reform Program to be supported with adjustment lending. This involved recruiting and leading a team of some twelve specialists to work on the country’s major development issues and help develop a medium term economic program. As one means of reviving a moribund economic dialog with the Government, a special economic report was produced (Republic of Yemen: Dimensions of Economic Adjustment and Structural Reform, World Bank Report No. 14029-YEM, May 1995). This work served as the basis for reaching agreement with the Government on an economic program, including an action plan consisting of numerous specific policy measures. These policies were pursued and Bank adjustment lending began, with a first structural adjustment credit going to the Bank’s Board of Directors in 1996. Working in close collaboration with the Bank, the International Monetary Fund also initiated financial support for the Government’s program. Iran Led the Bank’s economic work and policy support for Iran’s Government. 1991-93 As a result of the Bank-Government discussions in 1991 of the first Bank economic report for Iran since the 1979 revolution, agreement was reached that the Bank would undertake economic work on trade policy reform (including its articulation with exchange rate unification), the design of a social safety net and industrial policy reform, including privatization. The work proceeded in close cooperation with the Government, and the authorities adopted a number of the recommended measures. Egypt:
Task managed the World Bank’s first Structural Adjustment
Loan to the1990-91 Egyptian Government. This effort, involving leading
a team of some twenty the work Bank staff and consultants, included
technical work and agreement with the Egyptian Government on policy
measures, supported under the loan, to stabilize the economy,
liberalize trade policies, lift price controls, reform the public
sector and privatize public enterprises. The subsequent agreement
reflected in the economic program has served as the benchmark for
subsequent Bank-Government policy discussions and lending. The program
was closely coordinated with the International Monetary Fund. Peru: Led the Bank’s work to develop an economic adjustment program and debt 1987-90 workout jointly with the Peruvian Government. This work, involving a team of some twenty Bank staff and consultants at different points, took place in close cooperation with the Government, primarily with the Ministry of Finance, the Central Bank and the Presidency. A jointly produced economic stabilization and adjustment program was produced and presented to President Alan Garcia in 1988-89. After his final rejection of the program, the team proceeded with the publication of the main elements of the recommended program (Peru – Policies to Stop Hyperinflation and Initiate Economic Recovery, World Bank Report 7460-PE, April 1989) and continued technical work with the Government and, more importantly, with the economic advisory teams of the presidential candidates. The reforms outlined in the Report were subsequently introduced in a very large part by President Fujimori. Director,
Center for International Economic and Business Studies, University of
Florida,
Gainesville, Florida, 1978-82; Associate Professor, Department
of Economics, 1975-82; Chairman, Dept. of Economics,
1975-76; Assistant Professor, 1969-75. Professorial
Lecturer, Department of Economics, George Washington University,
1982-83. Senior
Economist, Research Institute (IPEA/INPES), Brazilian Planning
Secretariat, l979-81. Visiting
Professor, Nationalekonomiska Institutionen, Uppsala University,
Uppsala, Sweden, Spring Semester 1977. Senior Fellow,
Institut für Weltwirtschaft, Kiel University,
Kiel, West Germany, 1972-74. Other
Professional Involvements have included: Member, Board of Editors, World
Bank Research Observer, 1983-96; Member, Latin American Policy
Advisory Group, Reagan Campaign and Transition, May‑December
1980; and Contributing Editor, Handbook
for Latin American Studies, U.S. Library of Congress,
l975-78. SELECTED
PUBLICATIONS - BOOKS: Manufactured Export Expansion and Industrialization in Brazil
(Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, l976), 373 pp. The
Brazilian Industrial Economy
(Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath, 1981), 151 pp. La Promoción de
Exportaciones en Nicaragua, 1997-2010:
Experiencias y Alternativas (Managua:
MEDE-MIFIN, 1997), co-edited with Mario Tello, 157 pp. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS – ARTICLES IN
REFEREED PROFESSIONAL JOURNALS: "The
Use of the Exchange Rate for Stabilization: A Real Interest Model
applied to Argentina," Journal
of International Money and Finance, Vol. 13 (April 1994),
co-authored with Michael B. Connolly. "Stabilization,
External Adjustment, and Recession in Brazil: Perspectives on the
Mid-1980s," Studies
in Comparative International Development, Special Symposium on
Brazil, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Summer 1986), pp. 5-33. This paper was
presented at the Conference "The Crisis in Brazil" held
November l984 in Gainesville, Florida. "Perspectives
on Poverty and Income Inequality in Brazil," World Development, October 1984 (co-authored with David
Denslow). Also published in Portuguese in Pesquisa
e Planejamento Econômico, Vol. 13, No. 3 (December 1983), pp.
863-904. "Effective
Incentives for Domestic Market Sales and Exports: A View of
Anti-Export Biases and Commercial Policy in Brazil," Journal
of Development Economics, Vol. 18 (1985), pp. 219-242. Also
published in Portuguese in Pesquisa
e Planejamento Econômico, Vol. 13, No. 2 (August 1983), pp.
543-574. "Growth
and Export Expansion in Developing Countries: Some Empirical
Evidence," Journal of
Development Economics, Vol. 9, No. 1 (September 1981), pp.
121-131. "Technical
Efficiency in Production in a Developing Country: An Empirical
Examination of the Brazilian Plastics and Steel Industries," Oxford Economic Papers, Vol. 31, No. 3 (November 1979), pp.
477-495. "On
Estimating Stochastic Frontier Production Functions and Average
Efficiency: An Empirical Analysis with Colombian Data," The
Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 51, No. 3 (August 1979),
co-authored with Lung-Fei Lee. "The
Stochastic Frontier Production Function and Average Efficiency: An
Empirical Analysis," Journal
of Econometrics, Vol. 7, No. 2 (July 1978), pp. 385-389
(co-authored with Lung-Fei Lee). "Manufactured
Exports and Employment Creation in Developing Countries: Some
Empirical Evidence," Economic
Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 24, No. 2 (January 1976),
pp. 355-373. Brazilian
Industrialization and Industrial Policies: A Survey," World Development, Vol. 4, No. 10-11 (November 1976), pp.
863-882. This article has also been published in Portuguese in Revista de Estudos Econômicos, Vol. 6, No. 2 (December 1976), pp.
113‑150. Additional
refereed journal articles have been published in such journals as Oxford
Economic Papers, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Annals of
Economic and Social Measurement, Europa Archiv, International
Spectator, Revista de Estudos Econômicos, Revista de Política Econômica,
Revista Brasileira de Economia, Journal of Inter-American Studies and
World Affairs, Revista de Administração Pública, Economia
Internazionale, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, Quarterly Review of
Economics and Business, Journal of Development Economics, Social and
Economic Studies, and América
Latina. These articles have covered topics in international
economics, development economics, applied econometrics and
microeconomics. SELECTED PUBLICATIONS – OTHER ARTICLES
AND PUBLICATIONS: “Macroeconomic
Policy and Exchange Rate Policy Management in a Small Dependent
Economy: The Effects of Currency Devaluation in Jordan,” Economic
Policy Research Unit, Working Paper Series, Copenhagen Business
School, March 1996, co-authored with Ole Risager, currently under
revision in relation to journal submission. “Policies
and Economic Potential in the Countries of the Gulf Cooperation
Council,” in Namat Shafik, ed., Economic
Challenges facing the Middle East and North Africa (London:
Macmillan Press, 1998), co-autored with Hossein Askari. "Trade
Policies in Brazil," in Dominick Savatore, ed., National
Trade Policies (New York: Greenwood Press, 1992), co-authored with
Helson Braga, pp. 337-360. "The
Economics of Peace: The Egyptian and Syrian Cases - Comment," in
Stanley Fischer et al., eds., The
Economics of Middle East Peace (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1993). SELECTED INVITED GUEST LECTURES AND SEMINARS: Gadja Mada University (Indonesia), University of Illinois, Copenhagen Business School, Princeton University, University of Miami, Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Harvard University, University of London, University of Gottingen, Institute of Development Research in Copenhagen, University of New Mexico, Ibero‑American Institute of the University of Hamburg, City University of New York, Federal University of Ceará, University of São Paulo, Tufts University, Institute of Latin American Studies in Stockholm, Florida International University. MILITARY EXPERIENCE:
U.S. Army, 1st Lieutenant, 1961‑62.
(Active Reserve until 1966) |
